Monday, November 09, 2009

The Righteous



A Little-Known Secret was that Albanian Muslims Hid Jews from the Nazis; Now a Survivor Reunites With Her Savior

Johanna Neumann is on a journey more than 70 years in the making . . . a journey that started in Germany. She left Hamburg when she had just turned 8. She remembers it because, she says, "this was such a dramatic experience." Her life changed in the violent darkness of November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht - the Night of Broken Glass.

It was when the Nazis launched a vicious assault on Jewish communities - looting homes, destroying businesses, burning synagogues. It was an ominous preview of the horrors to come.

Her father feared where his country was headed, so he began preparations to flee. Young Johanna tagged along with him on a devastating errand in the basement of their apartment building: "He had all of this correspondence and photography, photographs and so on of his youth, of his life," she said. "And he had made arrangements with the superintendent of the house that he could burn his things in the furnace.

And you know, like every piece that he burned was like a piece of his life being thrown away. It's a whole life that you're putting on fire."

A few months later, little Johanna and her parents were gone, leaving Germany for good. But on this day, Johanna's journey won't take her back to Germany. Instead, she's returning to an unlikely safe haven . . . and a reunion with her improbable family.

Edip Pilku is anxiously waiting to greet the woman he hasn't seen in about 62 years, but he clearly hasn’t forgotten her: "Memories are forever." "Will we cry or not? Will we kiss or not?" he pondered. You could say Edip is Johanna's brother . . . at least, that's what they told the Nazis.

"The families surrounding us didn't know that we were sheltering Jews," Pilku said. "My mother had spread the word that they were her relatives from Germany."

"That was the cover story?" Axelrod asked. "That was the cover story: We're Germans from Germany, and we were her family." (Left: Johanna Neumann is reunited with Edip Pilku, an Albanian Muslim whose parents protected Neumann's family from the Nazis during World War II.)

There are a number of extraordinary examples of people around the world who risked, and sometimes lost, their lives hiding Jewish families during the Nazi occupation. But the Pilkus were in Albania, a 70% Muslim country in southeastern Europe.

"The gem of this story is that Albania took in refugee Jews," said Deborah Dwork, who has written a book about Jewish refugees during World War II. "Europe 1938, '39, '40, even '41, we see it as a totally closed universe," she said. "and Jews in that closed universe, they were looking for holes, for openings.

People began to whisper: 'I hear if you get to Albania, you will be safe.'" Safe, because of a cornerstone of Albanian culture known as Besa - the promise to treat strangers as if they were family . . . and guard them with their lives.

"It has to do with a certain sense of honor, an honor code that they take very seriously," said Dwork. "It's not simply to give someone something -a bed for a night, a hot meal. It's really to offer protection, full protection.

They judged themselves by that code, and they also knew that their neighbors judged them by that code." Like their neighbors, the Pilkus adhered closely to Besa . . . and to their Muslim beliefs that also emphasize the protection of others.

"The role of Albanian culture and traditions and the religious influence of Islam came together," Dwork said. . Although Edip's mother was of German heritage, she embraced Besa and Islam, especially after the Nazis occupied Albania.

Edip proudly tells the story of his mother affecting a thick German accent to throw off the Nazis growing suspicious of Johanna and her family - not once, but twice: "My mother got mad that day, she became nervous and said, 'It is the second time. Are you suspicious to not believe a German woman that she hasn't shelter here? I don't know Jews. You're wasting your time here and if you come again, I'll complain. It's a shame for you to come here!' "They saluted her and left!"

Through all this, remember, Johanna and her parents were hiding in plain sight. "And here you are coming in contact with German soldiers. Were you scared? Was it hard for you to look them in the eyes to talk?" Axelrod asked. "You also had to make sure they didn't find out you were Jewish. "Right. Well, I think scared is probably the right word," Neumann said.

"I certainly was during the occupation very much afraid that I wouldn't live the next day." According to the International School for Holocaust Studies, Albania did not turn over a single Jew to the Nazis.

Instead, when the Germans demanded the Albanians provide lists identifying Jews in their country, the Albanian government not only didn't comply, it even warned Jews to hide and urged its citizens to help. In fact, after the war, there were more Jews living in Albania than there were before. It's an extraordinary record.

So how is it that so few people know about it? "Because of the shutters that went down on Albania so soon after 1945 and the draconian Communist regime," said Dwork. "For the next half century, Albania was completely cut off from everyone, even from other Communist countries.

And by the time the shutters lifted, what happened half a century ago was not so urgent as people's everyday needs right then and there." As seen in the upcoming documentary, "God's House," photographer Norman Gershman traveled to Albania to document surviving members of families that saved Jews during the Holocaust. Gershman said, "I had to find out what these people did."

Among them: Edip Pilku. He's pictured holding a plaque indicating his mother and father were honored as "righteous among nations."

"Johanna and her family gave testimony that 'Yes, this family saved our lives.'" And Johanna says her own parents, who both died in 1961, always wanted to make up for the way they parted with the Pilkus all those years ago. Edip said their parting was very hard for him, too: "I don't even know how they left. My mother pulled me to the other side as she didn't want me to get sad, I wouldn't know. They left … hastily."

The Allies whisked 14-year-old Johanna and her parents out of Albania in September of 1945. "We were told that we cannot even go and say goodbye," Johanna said, "because there was danger that we might get arrested. It was much to my parents real regret. Terrible regret . . .No chance to say 'thank you.'"

Finally, decades later, she had her chance. This was Johanna's journey. "When you saw him again, sixty two years later, can you describe that reunion?" Axelrod asked. "Well, in a way, it was a little bit strange," Johanna said, laughing, "because I left a little boy, and here was an old man! It was very emotional, there's no question about it." After the war, Johanna's family settled safely in the United States.

But in newly-Communist Albania, a very different fate awaited the Pilkus. They quickly went from being the protectors to the oppressed. And their life together as a family ended in tragedy when Edip Pilku's father was arrested and executed by the Communist regime.

"Here was such a good human being," Johanna said. "He was shot for what? I don't know for what." Johanna Neumann spent years trying to honor the family that saved hers. Her deepest satisfaction came only recently in a conversation with Edip Pilku's daughter.

"I got my reward," Neumann said. "She said, 'I am so proud to know what my grandparents did.' And that was really my main purpose, because he was executed by the Communists so, 'What do the grandchildren think?'"

One look at Edip Pilku's face tells the whole story: "I see a very modest son, very proud of his family and proud of what they did and seeking nothing, nothing other than saving people who were desperate," said Gershman. "These people were courageous," said Neumann.

"They were righteous. And they were just wonderful people."

S0urce: CBS

14 comments:

Anonymous said...

So true...."They were righteous. And they were just wonderful people."

Anonymous said...

תודה על העזרה שלך

Anonymous said...

שאלוהים יברך אותך כל מאלבניה. לעולם לא נשכח אותך. אתה הצלת את חיינו.

Israel

Anonymous said...

Guri/Malesia
Keto gjera eshte dashte te dalin ne drite fill mbas Luftes se II Boterore. Kjo me te vertet eshte nje gjest humanitare i Shqiptarve, por edhe tregon kujdesin, respektin, mikepritjen, besen,kulturn tone, dhe divoteshmerin e shqiptarve per tu nduhmuar njerezeve qe kerkojn ndihme-edhepse vet jeten e tyre e kane vu ne rrezike! Kjo eshte nje akt i madh per nje popull, shpresoj se edhe tjeret duhet te vlerojn ket element humanitare te shqiptarve dhe te mesojn dicka nga ky gjest. Gjithashtu, Jevrejt duhet te dine me shume per ket rast unik. Ju lumte te gjith atyre shqiptarve qe kan ndihmuar popullin Jevrej ne ato kushte aq te shtira.Shqiptaret sote krenarohen me ate veper te tyre madheshtore.

Anonymous said...

Hebrew Translation: God bless you all from Albania. We will never forget you. You saved our lives.

Anonymous said...

Translation: Thanks for all your help

Ded Gjo Luli said...

If only we could model our diaspora after the Jewish diaspora in America...

Anonymous said...

Jewish Dispora is well-organized community; it has fanancial means, has intelectual abilities, lobbies for poltical influences in Washigton D C...everything what it needs to be successful in this country and abroad.

Anonymous said...

Please don't compare Albanian Diaspora to the Jewish counterpart.

The only thing we have in common is what this article reports.

Albanians would rather see one another fail than succeed. From the moment a Jew steps foot in this country, their Diaspora supports them, whether its finding them a home to live in, a job, a school, or a career, they are taken care of.

When Albanians (illegally) come here, their community looks at them funny and wonders, "what the hell are you doing here, go back home you boater."

And another thing, Jews aren't as arrogant as Albanians are, they know their place in the hierarchy of life, business men don't step on the toes of academics, who don't step on the toes of tradesmen, who don't step on the toes of professionals, etc.

Albanians, on teh other hand, want credit for everything, you have used car salesman who think they are politicians, painters who think they can write, and restaurant owners who think they can correspond with political leaders.

This is the tragedy of Albanians, especially Malisors!

Anonymous said...

Click on this link to see the program "The Righteous" that was broadcast on CBS

http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=5577700n

Anonymous said...

E njejti fenomen eshte edhe ne vendlindje.

Anonymous said...

Is there any more information on this interesting topic?

Anonymous said...

On this link you can find some more info regarding this topic.

http://www.eyecontactfoundation.org/

Anonymous said...

Great story!
But,
what about our story? It's nice the albanian commi's saved jews ... but didnt they KILL ALBANIANS? Where the Big headline? The GUNVERNMENT "SAVED" others than imprisoned, enslaved, tortured their own? some country. What is there to be proud of? Sounds like this article is nothing more then ASS KISSING! ASS kissing is all albanians know how to do. What about the 100's of millions european christians that died because of ww2 and communists? The decades of enslavement? Righteos.. my ass tell that to all the priests that died.. familys destroyed by the commi's while they were "protecting" the innocent.